C a n a d a

1. CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Under the Constitution Act of 1982, Canada?s Charter of Rights and Freedoms (?the Charter?) provides constitutional protection to freedom of expression, including freedom of the press, ?subject to reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.? Specifically, section 2(b) of the Charter guarantees that everyone has the following fundamental freedoms:

?freedom of conscience and religion, freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication.?

Any government action that limits expression infringes the constitutional right, but where important interests compete with this right, the courts must determine whether a limit on the right is justifiable. The courts will consider the importance of the competing interest, the extent to which the infringing measure serves this interest, and whether there is another means of serving the competing interests which would be less restrictive to freedom of expression.

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